micro_ros串口通讯进阶-多个发布者
Published: Post views:micro_ros通讯进阶——多个话题发布
参考:https://github.com/micro-ROS/micro_ros_arduino
[micro_ros配置]https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/540924221
[发布twist]https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/542563252
使用硬件:
- M5 stack Atom Lite(esp32 core)+旭日x3派(ros2 foxy)
软件环境:
-
micro_ros_arduino(foxy分支)
- ubuntu 20.04
- TogetherROS(兼容ros2 foxy)
0. 写在前面
0.1 MCU的定位
-
MCU适用于任务简单,实时性要求高的场景,但其算力往往不高;
-
上位机运行ROS or Linux,算力强,但实时性不如MCU。
-
因此复杂任务下,常见的情形是:
- MCU作为下位机负责实时数据采集和运动控制等简单任务
- 如传感器的数据采集、电机的PID控制等
- 上位机运行ROS2进行复杂任务
- 如SLAM建图,神经网络推理等
- MCU作为下位机负责实时数据采集和运动控制等简单任务
0.2 micro_ros的定位
-
micro_ros是上位机ROS与下位机MCU的一个连接桥梁,本质上是一个与ros无缝兼容的通讯机制。
-
其最大的特征是将MCU视作ROS中的一个Node,进而实现话题的发布,订阅,服务或action等特性。
0.3 特别注意
-
并非所有的MCU都支持多个publisher,这主要取决于MCU的RAM,可以参考:https://github.com/micro-ROS/micro_ros_arduino/tree/humble/extras/library_generation。
-
这里面.meta文件定义了publisher的最大数量等等;
-
例如针对RAM非常低的MCU,限制最大publisher数量为2,最大Node为1等等;
-
后续可按需进行rebuild。
1. 多个话题发布
- 创建1个Node,创建3个Publishers
- 每个publisher的发布频率可自定义
- 分别发布Int32,IMU,twist的数据类型
1.1 完整代码
#include <micro_ros_arduino.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <rcl/rcl.h>
#include <rcl/error_handling.h>
#include <rclc/rclc.h>
#include <rclc/executor.h>
#include <std_msgs/msg/int32.h> //msg1类型对应的头文件,int32
#include <sensor_msgs/msg/imu.h> //msg2类型对应的头文件,imu
#include <geometry_msgs/msg/twist.h> //msg3类型对应的头文件,twist
rcl_publisher_t publisher1; //第1个publisher
rcl_publisher_t publisher2; //第2个publisher
rcl_publisher_t publisher3; //第3个publisher
std_msgs__msg__Int32 msg1; //msg1:int32类型
sensor_msgs__msg__Imu msg2; //msg2:imu类型
geometry_msgs__msg__Twist msg3; //msg3:twist类型
rclc_executor_t executor;
rclc_support_t support;
rcl_allocator_t allocator;
rcl_node_t node;
// define 3 timer
rcl_timer_t timer1;
rcl_timer_t timer2;
rcl_timer_t timer3;
#define LED_PIN 27
#define RCCHECK(fn) { rcl_ret_t temp_rc = fn; if((temp_rc != RCL_RET_OK)){error_loop();}}
#define RCSOFTCHECK(fn) { rcl_ret_t temp_rc = fn; if((temp_rc != RCL_RET_OK)){}}
void error_loop() {
while (1) {
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, !digitalRead(LED_PIN));
delay(100);
}
}
//timer1 callback
void timer1_callback(rcl_timer_t * timer, int64_t last_call_time)
{
RCLC_UNUSED(last_call_time);
if (timer != NULL) {
RCSOFTCHECK(rcl_publish(&publisher1, &msg1, NULL));
msg1.data++;
}
}
//timer2 callback
void timer2_callback(rcl_timer_t * timer, int64_t last_call_time)
{
RCLC_UNUSED(last_call_time);
if (timer != NULL) {
/*在这里添加IMU的采集代码*/
/*我用数据自加or自减的方式模拟*/
/*ros2 interface show sensor_msgs/msg/Imu 查看IMU数据类型的详情*/
msg2.linear_acceleration.x += 0.1;
msg2.linear_acceleration.y += 0.1;
msg2.linear_acceleration.z = 9.81f;
msg2.angular_velocity.x += 0.01;
msg2.angular_velocity.y += 0.01;
msg2.angular_velocity.z += 0.01;
msg2.header.stamp.sec += 1;
msg2.header.stamp.nanosec += 1000;
msg2.orientation_covariance[0] = -1;
RCSOFTCHECK(rcl_publish(&publisher2, &msg2, NULL));
}
}
//timer3 callback
void timer3_callback(rcl_timer_t * timer, int64_t last_call_time)
{
RCLC_UNUSED(last_call_time);
if (timer != NULL) {
RCSOFTCHECK(rcl_publish(&publisher3, &msg3, NULL));
static int cnt = 0;
msg3.linear.x = 0.2; //const linear.x
msg3.angular.z = 1.0 - 0.001 * cnt; //variable angular.z
cnt++;
}
}
void setup() {
set_microros_transports();
pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
delay(2000);
allocator = rcl_get_default_allocator();
//create init_options
RCCHECK(rclc_support_init(&support, 0, NULL, &allocator));
// create node
RCCHECK(rclc_node_init_default(&node, "micro_ros_arduino_node", "", &support));
// create publisher1
RCCHECK(rclc_publisher_init_default(
&publisher1,
&node,
ROSIDL_GET_MSG_TYPE_SUPPORT(std_msgs, msg, Int32),
"micro_ros_arduino_node_publisher1"));
// create publisher2
RCCHECK(rclc_publisher_init_default(
&publisher2,
&node,
ROSIDL_GET_MSG_TYPE_SUPPORT(sensor_msgs, msg, Imu),
"micro_ros_arduino_node_publisher2"));
// create publisher3
RCCHECK(rclc_publisher_init_default(
&publisher3,
&node,
ROSIDL_GET_MSG_TYPE_SUPPORT(geometry_msgs, msg, Twist),
"turtle1/cmd_vel"));
// create timer1,
const unsigned int timer1_timeout = 100; //发布频率10Hz
RCCHECK(rclc_timer_init_default(
&timer1,
&support,
RCL_MS_TO_NS(timer1_timeout),
timer1_callback));
// create timer2,
const unsigned int timer2_timeout = 1000; //发布频率1Hz
RCCHECK(rclc_timer_init_default(
&timer2,
&support,
RCL_MS_TO_NS(timer2_timeout),
timer2_callback));
// create timer3,
const unsigned int timer3_timeout = 500; //发布频率2Hz
RCCHECK(rclc_timer_init_default(
&timer3,
&support,
RCL_MS_TO_NS(timer3_timeout),
timer3_callback));
// create executor
RCCHECK(rclc_executor_init(&executor, &support.context, 3, &allocator));
/*3个timer,故第三个参数为3*/
RCCHECK(rclc_executor_add_timer(&executor, &timer1)); //添加timer1
RCCHECK(rclc_executor_add_timer(&executor, &timer2)); //添加timer2
RCCHECK(rclc_executor_add_timer(&executor, &timer3)); //添加timer3
// msg1初始化
msg1.data = 0;
// msg2初始化
msg2.header.frame_id.data = "IMUXX";
msg2.header.frame_id.size = 5;
// msg3初始化
msg3.linear.x = 0;
msg3.linear.y = 0;
msg3.linear.z = 0;
msg3.angular.x = 0;
msg3.angular.y = 0;
msg3.angular.z = 0;
}
void loop() {
// delay(100);
RCSOFTCHECK(rclc_executor_spin_some(&executor, RCL_MS_TO_NS(100)));
}
1.2 代码解析
-
头文件、数据类型等的定义
#include <std_msgs/msg/int32.h> //msg1类型对应的头文件,int32 #include <sensor_msgs/msg/imu.h> //msg2类型对应的头文件,imu #include <geometry_msgs/msg/twist.h> //msg3类型对应的头文件,twist rcl_publisher_t publisher1; //第1个publisher rcl_publisher_t publisher2; //第2个publisher rcl_publisher_t publisher3; //第3个publisher std_msgs__msg__Int32 msg1; //msg1:int32类型 sensor_msgs__msg__Imu msg2; //msg2:imu类型 geometry_msgs__msg__Twist msg3; //msg3:twist类型 // define 3 timer rcl_timer_t timer1; rcl_timer_t timer2; rcl_timer_t timer3;
-
依次创建3个publishers
- 注意每个publisher要发布的数据类型
- 为每个publisher创建一个topic name
- micro_ros_arduino_node_publisher1
- micro_ros_arduino_node_publisher2
- turtle1/cmd_vel
// create publisher1 RCCHECK(rclc_publisher_init_default( &publisher1, &node, ROSIDL_GET_MSG_TYPE_SUPPORT(std_msgs, msg, Int32), "micro_ros_arduino_node_publisher1")); // create publisher2 RCCHECK(rclc_publisher_init_default( &publisher2, &node, ROSIDL_GET_MSG_TYPE_SUPPORT(sensor_msgs, msg, Imu), "micro_ros_arduino_node_publisher2")); // create publisher3 RCCHECK(rclc_publisher_init_default( &publisher3, &node, ROSIDL_GET_MSG_TYPE_SUPPORT(geometry_msgs, msg, Twist), "turtle1/cmd_vel"));
-
创建3个定时器
- 分别定义定时器时间,进而调整发布频率
- 注意:发布频率尽量调低
- 要求高频率发送,需要使用rclc_publisher_best_effort代替rclc_publisher_init_default
// create timer1, const unsigned int timer1_timeout = 100; //发布频率10Hz RCCHECK(rclc_timer_init_default( &timer1, &support, RCL_MS_TO_NS(timer1_timeout), timer1_callback)); // create timer2, const unsigned int timer2_timeout = 1000; //发布频率1Hz RCCHECK(rclc_timer_init_default( &timer2, &support, RCL_MS_TO_NS(timer2_timeout), timer2_callback)); // create timer3, const unsigned int timer3_timeout = 500; //发布频率2Hz RCCHECK(rclc_timer_init_default( &timer3, &support, RCL_MS_TO_NS(timer3_timeout), timer3_callback));
-
创建3个定时器回调任务
- 分别编写3个回调任务处理代码
- msg1为int32数据类型,每次调用进行自加
- msg2为IMU数据类型,处理同上
- msg3为twist数据类型,处理同上
//timer1 callback void timer1_callback(rcl_timer_t * timer, int64_t last_call_time) { RCLC_UNUSED(last_call_time); if (timer != NULL) { RCSOFTCHECK(rcl_publish(&publisher1, &msg1, NULL)); msg1.data++; } } //timer2 callback void timer2_callback(rcl_timer_t * timer, int64_t last_call_time) { RCLC_UNUSED(last_call_time); if (timer != NULL) { /*在这里添加IMU的采集代码*/ /*我用数据自加or自减的方式模拟*/ /*ros2 interface show sensor_msgs/msg/Imu 查看IMU数据类型的详情*/ msg2.linear_acceleration.x += 0.1; msg2.linear_acceleration.y += 0.1; msg2.linear_acceleration.z = 9.81f; msg2.angular_velocity.x += 0.01; msg2.angular_velocity.y += 0.01; msg2.angular_velocity.z += 0.01; msg2.header.stamp.sec += 1; msg2.header.stamp.nanosec += 1000; msg2.orientation_covariance[0] = -1; RCSOFTCHECK(rcl_publish(&publisher2, &msg2, NULL)); } } //timer3 callback void timer3_callback(rcl_timer_t * timer, int64_t last_call_time) { RCLC_UNUSED(last_call_time); if (timer != NULL) { RCSOFTCHECK(rcl_publish(&publisher3, &msg3, NULL)); static int cnt = 0; msg3.linear.x = 0.2; //const linear.x msg3.angular.z = 1.0 - 0.001 * cnt; //variable angular.z cnt++; } }
-
3个msg数据初始化
// msg1初始化 msg1.data = 0; // msg2初始化 msg2.header.frame_id.data = "IMUXX"; msg2.header.frame_id.size = 5; // msg3初始化 msg3.linear.x = 0; msg3.linear.y = 0; msg3.linear.z = 0; msg3.angular.x = 0; msg3.angular.y = 0; msg3.angular.z = 0;
-
添加timer执行,并修改执行参数
- rclc_executor_init参数调整可参考链接
- 依次添加3个timer
// create executor RCCHECK(rclc_executor_init(&executor, &support.context, 3, &allocator)); /*3个timer,故第三个参数为3*/ RCCHECK(rclc_executor_add_timer(&executor, &timer1)); //添加timer1 RCCHECK(rclc_executor_add_timer(&executor, &timer2)); //添加timer2 RCCHECK(rclc_executor_add_timer(&executor, &timer3)); //添加timer3
-
若发布频率大于10Hz,注释loop中delay
void loop() { // delay(100); RCSOFTCHECK(rclc_executor_spin_some(&executor, RCL_MS_TO_NS(100))); }
-
最后,编译上传代码
2. 上位机配置
- 将下位机代码烧录后,将下位机通过串口连接上位机,这里我使用usb串口的方式连接。
- 新建终端,source一下ros2,再source一下micro_ros。
source /opt/tros/setup.bash #或者 source /opt/ros/foxy/setup.bash
cd /microros_ws/ #进入micro_ros的工作空间
source install/setup.bash #source一下,也可以将这些命令添加到 /.bashrc
-
首先提升串口读写权限(确保自己的串口是ttyUSB0,因硬件而异)
sudo chmod -R 777 /dev/ttyUSB0
-
开启micro_agent
ros2 run micro_ros_agent micro_ros_agent serial --dev /dev/ttyUSB0
-
按下下位机的复位键(特别注意,需要按下复位键)
-
重新开启1个终端,确保都进行了source,查看 topic list
- 可以看到多我们自定义的3个topic
-
重新开启多个终端,确保都进行了source,依次查看每个topic的输出:
ros2 topic echo /micro_ros_arduino_node_publisher1 ros2 topic echo /micro_ros_arduino_node_publisher2 ros2 topic echo /turtle1/cmd_vel
-
可以看到每个Topic的输出:
3. 其他
- publisher示例代码的话题发布频率默认为1Hz,可以进行调整,10Hz没问题。但是想要100Hz往上就不行了
- 需要更高的话题发布频率需要使用rclc_publisher_init_best_effort代替rclc_publisher_init_default
Categories: 机器人技术
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